For energy recovery, waste/waste streams require prior processing. The production steps for the manufacture of secondary fuels depend on the input materials. If rather single-variety production-specific waste is used, prior processing is less complex than for waste mixtures (e.g. high-calorific fractions of municipal and commercial waste or sorting residues).
Mechanical technologies (crushing, screening, sorting) are used as well as optical sorting techniques (near-infrared) to prepare secondary fuel of consistent quality. For co-incineration, the fuels are subjected to regular quality assurance; one possibility of independent proof of quality is the RAL Quality Mark 724 - Secondary Fuels.